Reviewed existing methods and models for ice force prediction and to identify possible reasons for the wide scatter of predicted ice forces. This provided the basis for the detailed approaches taken in subsequent tasks of the project.

CU
 

Clustered the field and laboratory measurements conducted within the project and the evaluation of data obtained as described in the sub-tasks below.

LGGE, HUT , 
LUT, NTNU,
VTT
 

Established a database of accurate ice properties which correlates in time and space with measured full scale ice loads. The result was used in numerical modelling of ice/structure interactions.

HSVA, LGGE
 

Determined ridge mechanical properties by on site measurements of internal shear stress of unconsolidated ridge material as ice block size, thickness of consolidated ice layer bending, compressive and shearing strength of the consolidated layer. 

Tested a new scanning radar tomography ^(*) to find out the internal structure of ridges, and new full scale ridge loading set-ups were realised in order to measure ridge full scale strength data.

^(*) Additional industrial funding was partially achieved to develop 
     this radar tomography method.

LUT, NTNU,
VTT
 

Objective:

• Carried out full scale measurements of ice forces on the Norstrømsgrund lighthouse during two winter seasons.

LUT
 

Determined parameters influencing the ice structure interaction such as ice drift velocity and direction, ice thickness, surface and subsurface geometry of ice formations, meteorological data and overall ice scenario.

HSVA

HUT, LUT
 

Carried out accompanying data and information management as service to the project consortium to ensure focal collection, distribution, dissemination utilisation, publication, archiving, and final banking of data, results, miscellaneous information, and documents acquired and produced within the project.

Fostered co-operation of the different scientific teams and to optimise project internal communication and information exchange.

To established, operated, hosted and maintained a project web site.

HYDROMOD
 

This task clusters the modelling activities in the project conducted in the subtasks depicted below.

CU, LGGE,
HUT, NTNU

Objective:

• To investigate the fracture mechanisms involved at small scale ice deformation as basic ingredients of numerical modelling of the ice - structure interaction.

VTT
 

Developed a new ^(*) numerical model for dynamic ice - structure interaction to be applicable for any forms of vertical structures. 

Derived a new load combination formula for probabilistic analysis to justify for a substantial decrease in the global ice load estimates.

^(*) The ice features considered include level ice, rafted ice, 
     ice ridges, rubble fields and icebergs. Such a unifying 
     model was not exist when the project was running. 

HUT
 

To develop a new ^(*) numerical analysis which allows to model real three-dimensional structural shapes and ridge profiles in which complicated failure surfaces are progressively developing. 

^(*) Existing ridge load models are based on soil mechanics
     bearing capacity approaches. They can observe simple
     failure planes and simple vertical structure shapes only. 
     No known analytical method can solve this problem. 
     Also approximate plastic limit analysis approaches fall
    short of describing the real geometry of the problem.

NTNU, VTT
 

Considered fracture as a failure mode and identify parameter ranges in which it is the critical mode on order to enable application in models.

LGGE
 

Assembled a systematic probabilistic model and evaluate its reliability including sensitivity to inaccurate knowledge about transition parameter values where the ice failure mode changes.

CU, VTT
 

Combined all findings of the entire project and recommend design ice loads for future marine structures.

Initiated development of an EUROCODE for Ice Forces.

CU, HUT, 
LGGE, LUT ,
VTT
 

Organised the co-operation between the different tasks and subtasks and the involved research teams.

Co-ordinated the project consortium.

Co-ordinated with the European Commission.